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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "PAR 1"
.TH PAR 1 "2013-12-01" "perl v5.20.0" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
par.pl \- Make and run Perl Archives
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
(Please see pp for convenient ways to make self-contained
executables, scripts or \s-1PAR\s0 archives from perl programs.)
.PP
To make a \fI\s-1PAR\s0 distribution\fR from a \s-1CPAN\s0 module distribution:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& % par.pl \-p # make a PAR dist under the current path
\& % par.pl \-p Foo\-0.01 # assume unpacked CPAN dist in Foo\-0.01/
.Ve
.PP
To manipulate a \fI\s-1PAR\s0 distribution\fR:
.PP
.Vb 6
\& % par.pl \-i Foo\-0.01\-i386\-freebsd\-5.8.0.par # install
\& % par.pl \-i http://foo.com/Foo\-0.01 # auto\-appends archname + perlver
\& % par.pl \-i cpan://AUTRIJUS/PAR\-0.74 # uses CPAN author directory
\& % par.pl \-u Foo\-0.01\-i386\-freebsd\-5.8.0.par # uninstall
\& % par.pl \-s Foo\-0.01\-i386\-freebsd\-5.8.0.par # sign
\& % par.pl \-v Foo\-0.01\-i386\-freebsd\-5.8.0.par # verify
.Ve
.PP
To use \fIHello.pm\fR from \fI./foo.par\fR:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& % par.pl \-A./foo.par \-MHello
\& % par.pl \-A./foo \-MHello # the .par part is optional
.Ve
.PP
Same thing, but search \fIfoo.par\fR in the \fI\f(CI@INC\fI\fR;
.PP
.Vb 2
\& % par.pl \-Ifoo.par \-MHello
\& % par.pl \-Ifoo \-MHello # ditto
.Ve
.PP
Run \fItest.pl\fR or \fIscript/test.pl\fR from \fIfoo.par\fR:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& % par.pl foo.par test.pl # looks for \*(Aqmain.pl\*(Aq by default,
\& # otherwise run \*(Aqtest.pl\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
To make a self-containing script containing a \s-1PAR\s0 file :
.PP
.Vb 2
\& % par.pl \-O./foo.pl foo.par
\& % ./foo.pl test.pl # same as above
.Ve
.PP
To embed the necessary non-core modules and shared objects for \s-1PAR\s0's
execution (like \f(CW\*(C`Zlib\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`IO\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`Cwd\*(C'\fR, etc), use the \fB\-b\fR flag:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& % par.pl \-b \-O./foo.pl foo.par
\& % ./foo.pl test.pl # runs anywhere with core modules installed
.Ve
.PP
If you also wish to embed \fIcore\fR modules along, use the \fB\-B\fR flag
instead:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& % par.pl \-B \-O./foo.pl foo.par
\& % ./foo.pl test.pl # runs anywhere with the perl interpreter
.Ve
.PP
This is particularly useful when making stand-alone binary
executables; see pp for details.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This stand-alone command offers roughly the same feature as \f(CW\*(C`perl
\&\-MPAR\*(C'\fR, except that it takes the pre-loaded \fI.par\fR files via
\&\f(CW\*(C`\-Afoo.par\*(C'\fR instead of \f(CW\*(C`\-MPAR=foo.par\*(C'\fR.
.PP
Additionally, it lets you convert a \s-1CPAN\s0 distribution to a \s-1PAR\s0
distribution, as well as manipulate such distributions. For more
information about \s-1PAR\s0 distributions, see PAR::Dist.
.SS "Binary \s-1PAR\s0 loader (parl)"
.IX Subsection "Binary PAR loader (parl)"
If you have a C compiler, or a pre-built binary package of \fB\s-1PAR\s0\fR is
available for your platform, a binary version of \fBpar.pl\fR will also be
automatically installed as \fBparl\fR. You can use it to run \fI.par\fR files:
.PP
.Vb 3
\& # runs script/run.pl in archive, uses its lib/* as libraries
\& % parl myapp.par run.pl # runs run.pl or script/run.pl in myapp.par
\& % parl otherapp.pl # also runs normal perl scripts
.Ve
.PP
However, if the \fI.par\fR archive contains either \fImain.pl\fR or
\&\fIscript/main.pl\fR, it is used instead:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& % parl myapp.par run.pl # runs main.pl, with \*(Aqrun.pl\*(Aq as @ARGV
.Ve
.PP
Finally, the \f(CW\*(C`\-O\*(C'\fR option makes a stand-alone binary executable from a
\&\s-1PAR\s0 file:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& % parl \-B \-Omyapp myapp.par
\& % ./myapp # run it anywhere without perl binaries
.Ve
.PP
With the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-par\-options\*(C'\fR flag, generated binaries can act as \f(CW\*(C`parl\*(C'\fR
to pack new binaries:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& % ./myapp \-\-par\-options \-Omyap2 myapp.par # identical to ./myapp
\& % ./myapp \-\-par\-options \-Omyap3 myap3.par # now with different PAR
.Ve
.SS "Stand-alone executable format"
.IX Subsection "Stand-alone executable format"
The format for the stand-alone executable is simply concatenating the
following elements:
.IP "\(bu" 4
The executable itself
.Sp
Either in plain-text (\fIpar.pl\fR) or native executable format (\fIparl\fR
or \fIparl.exe\fR).
.IP "\(bu" 4
Any number of embedded files
.Sp
These are typically used for bootstrapping \s-1PAR\s0's various \s-1XS\s0 dependencies.
Each section contains:
.RS 4
.ie n .IP "The magic string """"FILE""""" 4
.el .IP "The magic string ``\f(CWFILE\fR''" 4
.IX Item "The magic string ""FILE"""
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "Length of file name in ""pack(\*(AqN\*(Aq)"" format plus 9" 4
.el .IP "Length of file name in \f(CWpack(\*(AqN\*(Aq)\fR format plus 9" 4
.IX Item "Length of file name in pack(N) format plus 9"
.IP "8 bytes of hex-encoded \s-1CRC32\s0 of file content" 4
.IX Item "8 bytes of hex-encoded CRC32 of file content"
.ie n .IP "A single slash (""""/"""")" 4
.el .IP "A single slash (``\f(CW/\fR'')" 4
.IX Item "A single slash (""/"")"
.IP "The file name (without path)" 4
.IX Item "The file name (without path)"
.ie n .IP "File length in ""pack(\*(AqN\*(Aq)"" format" 4
.el .IP "File length in \f(CWpack(\*(AqN\*(Aq)\fR format" 4
.IX Item "File length in pack(N) format"
.IP "The file's content (not compressed)" 4
.IX Item "The file's content (not compressed)"
.RE
.RS 4
.RE
.IP "\(bu" 4
.PD
One \s-1PAR\s0 file
.Sp
This is just a zip file beginning with the magic string "\f(CW\*(C`PK\e003\e004\*(C'\fR".
.IP "\(bu" 4
Ending section
.Sp
The pre-computed cache name. A pack('Z40') string of the value of \-T
(\-\-tempcache) or the hash of the file, followed by \f(CW\*(C`\e0CACHE\*(C'\fR. The hash
of the file is calculated with Digest::SHA, Digest::SHA1, or
Digest::MD5. If none of those modules is available, the \f(CW\*(C`mtime\*(C'\fR of
the file is used.
.Sp
A pack('N') number of the total length of \s-1FILE\s0 and \s-1PAR\s0 sections,
followed by a 8\-bytes magic string: "\f(CW\*(C`\e012PAR.pm\e012\*(C'\fR".
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\s-1PAR\s0, PAR::Dist, parl, pp
.SH "AUTHORS"
.IX Header "AUTHORS"
Audrey Tang <cpan@audreyt.org>,
Steffen Mueller <smueller@cpan.org>
.PP
<http://par.perl.org/> is the official \s-1PAR\s0 website. You can write
to the mailing list at <par@perl.org>, or send an empty mail to
<par\-subscribe@perl.org> to participate in the discussion.
.PP
Please submit bug reports to <bug\-par@rt.cpan.org>.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2002\-2009 by Audrey Tang <cpan@audreyt.org>.
.PP
Neither this program nor the associated parl program impose any
licensing restrictions on files generated by their execution, in
accordance with the 8th article of the Artistic License:
.PP
.Vb 5
\& "Aggregation of this Package with a commercial distribution is
\& always permitted provided that the use of this Package is embedded;
\& that is, when no overt attempt is made to make this Package\*(Aqs
\& interfaces visible to the end user of the commercial distribution.
\& Such use shall not be construed as a distribution of this Package."
.Ve
.PP
Therefore, you are absolutely free to place any license on the resulting
executable, as long as the packed 3rd\-party libraries are also available
under the Artistic License.
.PP
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
.PP
See <http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>